Exploring the Role of Generative AI in Enhancing Productivity in Indonesia’s Public TVET Institutions

Abstract

This study investigates the perceptions, experiences, and challenges related to the adoption of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in enhancing work productivity within public Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty participants, including ten instructors and ten administrative staff from various public TVET institutions. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data, identifying key themes related to GenAI’s benefits, obstacles, and institutional support needs. Findings reveal generally positive attitudes toward GenAI’s potential to improve instructional and administrative tasks, with early adopters reporting notable efficiency gains and enriched educational content. However, significant barriers such as infrastructural limitations, uneven digital literacy, concerns about content accuracy, ethical considerations, and a lack of formal training and policies hinder wider adoption. Institutional support, including comprehensive training, clear ethical guidelines, improved digital infrastructure, and strong leadership commitment, is critical to facilitating effective integration. The results underscore the importance of a holistic approach addressing technological, human, and organizational factors to maximize GenAI’s benefits in public TVET contexts. This study contributes empirical insights into AI adoption in vocational education in a developing country setting, advancing the discourse on digital transformation in this sector. Implications for policy and practice include targeted capacity-building programs and infrastructural investments. Future research is recommended to quantitatively measure productivity impacts and to explore learner perspectives, along with longitudinal studies to assess long-term adoption.