PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR MATEMATIKA SD BERBASIS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION YANG BERORIENTASI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v6i2.622Abstract
Berpikir kritis merupakan keterampilan yang dibutuhkan agar mampu bersaing di abad 21. Oleh karena itulah, sangat penting keterampilan ini ditanamkan pada anak sedini mungkin. Namun keterampilan ini belum sepenuhnya dikembangkan pada anak. Hal ini terungkap dari beberapa studi yang menunjukkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa sekolah dasar masih rendah. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan guru adalah dengan mengembangkan bahan ajar yang dapat memfasilitasi peningkatan berpikir kritis serta ditunjang dengan model pembelajaran yang tepat. Atas dasar itulah penulis melakukan penelitian pengembangan bahan ajar matematika untuk siswa sekolah dasar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasil bahan ajar matematika yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Model penelitian pengembangan yang digunakan yaitu model Plomp yang terdiri dari lima fase pengembangan, yaitu (1) fase investigasi awal, (2) fase desain, (3) fase realisasi, (4) fase tes, evaluasi, dan revisi, dan (5) fase implemestasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahan ajar yang dikembangkan memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis dan efektif.
Keywords:
pengembangan bahan ajar, realistic mathematic education, berpikir kritisDownloads
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References
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Chukwuyenum, A.N. (2013). Impact of Critical thinking on Performance in Mathematics among Senior Secondary School Students in Lagos State. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education, 3, 18-25. https://doi.org/10.9790/7388-0351825.
Costa, A. & Kallick. B. (2014). Dispositions: Reframing teaching and learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Djamarah, S. B. & Zain, A. (2006). Strategi Belajar Mengajar. Rieneka Cipta: Jakarta.
Dhayanti, D., Johar, R., & Zubainur, C. (2018). Improving Students’ Critical and Creative Thinking through Realistic Mathematics Education using Geometer’s Sketchpad. JRAMathEdu (Journal of Research and Advances in Mathematics Education), 3(1), 25-35. doi:https://doi.org/10.23917/jramathedu.v3i1.5618
Geertsen, H. R. (2003). Rethinking thinking about higher-level thinking. Teaching Sociology, 1-19. doi.org/10.2307/3211421
Habsah, F. (2017). Developing teaching material based on realistic mathematics andoriented to the mathematical reasoning and mathematical communication. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika, 4(1), 43-55. doi:https://doi.org/10.21831/jrpm.v4i1.10199
Innabi, H., & El Sheikh, O. (2007). The change in mathematics teachers' perceptions of critical thinking after 15 years of educational reform in Jordan. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 64(1), 45-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-005-9017-x
Jacob, S. M. (2012). Mathematical achievement and critical thinking skills in asynchronous discussion forums. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 31, 800-804.
Kraisuth, D., & Panjakajornsak, V. (2017). Thai engineer ASEAN readiness: A structural equation model analysis. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 16(3), 96-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017745346
Lady, A., Utomo, B., & Chikita, L. (2018). Improving mathematical ability and student learning outcomes through realistic mathematic education (RME) approach. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(2.10), 55-57. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.10.10954
Laurens, T., Batlolona, F. A., Batlolona, J. R., & Leasa, M. (2018). How Does Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Improve Students’ Mathematics Cognitive Achievement?. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(2), 569-578. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/76959
Lisbiyaningrum, I., Wulandari, Wahyudi. (2019). Penerapan Problem Based Learning Dalam Pembelajaran Tematik Integratif Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas III Sekolah Dasar. Elementary School, 6(2). https://journal.upy.ac.id/index.php/es/article/view/276
Makonye, J. P. (2014). Teaching functions using a realistic mathematics education approach: A theoretical perspective. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(3), 653-662.
Miftah, M. (2013). Fungsi, Dan Peran Media Pembelajaran Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kemampuan Belajar Siswa. Kwangsan, 1(2).
Nahdi, D. S., & Cahyaningsih, U. (2018). Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Sd Kelas V dengan Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik Yang Berorientasi Pada Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendas, 5(1).
Nahdi, D., S. (2019). Keterampilan Matematika Di Abad 21. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendas, 5(2). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/jcp.v5i2.1386
Nahdi, D., Jatisunda, M., Cahyaningsih, U., & Suciawati, V. (2020). Pre-service Teacher's Ability In Solving Mathematics Problem Viewed From Numeracy Literacy Skills. Elementary Education Online, 19(4), 1902-1910. Retrieved from http://ilkogretim-online.org.tr/index.php/io/article/view/4094/2810
Nurhayati, D. M., & Hartono. (2017). Implementation of cooperative learning model type STAD with RME approach to understanding of mathematical concept student state junior high school in Pekanbaru. AIP Conference Proceedings 1848, 040002. doi: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4983940.
Palinussa, A. L. (2013). Students' Critical Mathematical Thinking Skills and Character: Experiments for Junior High School Students through Realistic Mathematics Education Culture-Based. Indonesian Mathematical Society Journal on Mathematics Education, 4(1), 75-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.4.1.566.75-94
Paradesa, R. (2015). Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Mahasiswa Melalui Pendekatan Konstruktivisme Pada Matakuliah Matematika Keuangan. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika RAFA, 1(2), 306-325.
Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2001). The miniature guide to critical thinking: Concepts & tools. Foundation Critical Thinking.
Purwati, R., Hobri, H., & Fatahillah, A. (2016). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Persamaan Kuadrat Pada Pembelajaran model Creative Problem Solving. KadikmA, 7(1), 84-93. Retrieved from https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/kadikma/article/view/5471
Redhana, I. (2019). Mengembangkan Keterampilan Abad Ke-21 Dalam Pembelajaran Kimia. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Kimia, 13(1). Retrieved from https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/JIPK/article/view/17824
Rochmad, R. (2012). Desain Model Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika. Kreano, Jurnal Matematika Kreatif-Inovatif, 3(1), 59-72.
Shanty, N. O. (2011). Design research on mathematics education: investigating the progress of Indonesian fifth grade students’ learning on multiplication of fractions with natural numbers. Journal on Mathematics Education (JME), 2(02), 147-162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.2.2.749.147-162
Snyder, L. G., & Snyder, M. J. (2008). Teaching Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills. The Journal of Research in Business Education, 50(2), 90–99. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ826495
Suci, D.W. Firman, Neviyarni. (2019). Peningkatan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Melalui Pendekatan Realistik di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 3(4), 2042-2049. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v3i4.229
Sulaiman, W. S. W., Rahman, W. R. A., & Dzulkifli, M. A. (2008). Relationship between Critical Thinking Dispositions, Perceptions towards Teacher, Learning Approaches and Critical Thinking Skills among University Students. The Journal of Behavioral Science, 3(1), 122-133. Retrieved from https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/IJBS/article/view/2169
Sunardi, S., Kurniati, D., Sugiarti, T., Yudianto, E., & Nurmaharani, R. (2017). Pengembangan Indikator 4c’s yang Selaras dengan Kurikulum 2013 pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika SMA/MA Kelas X Semester 1. AdMathEdu : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, Ilmu Matematika dan Matematika Terapan, 7(2), 197-210. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/admathedu.v7i2.9159
Supardi, U.S. (2012). Peran berpikir kreatif dalam proses pembelajaran matematika. Jurnal Formatif, 2 (3).
Taubah, R., Isnarto, I., & Rochmad, R. (2018). Student Critical Thinking Viewed from Mathematical Self-efficacy in Means Ends Analysis Learning with the Realistic Mathematics Education Approach. Unnes Journal of Mathematics Education Research, 7(1), 189-195. Retrieved from https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/ujmer/article/view/25562
Ulandari, L., Amry, Z., & Saragih, S. (2019). Development of Learning Materials Based on Realistic Mathematics Education Approach to Improve Students’ Mathematical Problem Solving Ability and Self-Efficacy. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(2), 375-383. https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/5721
Umam, K. (2018). Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa Melalui Pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching. JPMI (Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Indonesia), 3(2), 57-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jpmi.v3i2.807
Widana, I. W., Parwata, I. M. Y., Parmithi, N. N., Jayantika, I. G. A. T., Sukendra, K., & Sumandya, I. W. (2018). Higher order thinking skills assessment towards critical thinking on mathematics lesson. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(1), 24-32. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v2n1.74
Aizikovitsh, E. &Amit, M. (2010). Evaluating an infusion approach to the teaching of critical thinking skills through mathematics. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2 (1), 3818–3822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.596
Amalia, N., Subanji, S., & Untari, S. (2019). Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Melalui Penerapan Pendekatan Realistic Mathematics Education Berbantuan Media Manipulatif Origami. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan, 4(8), 1084—1091. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v4i8.12681
Anjarwati, Y. (2016). Peningkatan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis pada Pembelajaran Geometri dengan Pendekatan Pendidikan Matematika Realistik dikelas IV SDN 1 Pule Kecamatan Pule Kabupaten Trenggalek. Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan dan Hasil Penelitian, 2(1), 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jrpd.v2n1.p98-104
Barrington, L., Casner-Lotto, J., & Wright, M. (2006). Are they really ready to work? Employers’ perspectives on the basic knowledge and applied skills of new entrants to the 21st Century U.S. workforce. The Partnership for 21st Century Skills. Retrieved from http://tinyurl.com/j2c5uh6.
Bray, A. & Tangney, B. (2015). Enhancing student engagement through the affordances of mobile technology: A 21st century learning perspective on realistic mathematics education. Mathematics Education Research Journal. doi.org/10.1007/s13394-015-0158-7.
Changwong, K., Sukkamart, A., & Sisan, B. (2018). Critical thinking skill development: Analysis of a new learning management model for Thai high schools. Journal of International Studies, 11(2), 37-48. doi: https://doi.org/10.14254/20718330.2018/11-2/3
Chukwuyenum, A.N. (2013). Impact of Critical thinking on Performance in Mathematics among Senior Secondary School Students in Lagos State. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education, 3, 18-25. https://doi.org/10.9790/7388-0351825.
Costa, A. & Kallick. B. (2014). Dispositions: Reframing teaching and learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Djamarah, S. B. & Zain, A. (2006). Strategi Belajar Mengajar. Rieneka Cipta: Jakarta.
Dhayanti, D., Johar, R., & Zubainur, C. (2018). Improving Students’ Critical and Creative Thinking through Realistic Mathematics Education using Geometer’s Sketchpad. JRAMathEdu (Journal of Research and Advances in Mathematics Education), 3(1), 25-35. doi:https://doi.org/10.23917/jramathedu.v3i1.5618
Geertsen, H. R. (2003). Rethinking thinking about higher-level thinking. Teaching Sociology, 1-19. doi.org/10.2307/3211421
Habsah, F. (2017). Developing teaching material based on realistic mathematics andoriented to the mathematical reasoning and mathematical communication. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika, 4(1), 43-55. doi:https://doi.org/10.21831/jrpm.v4i1.10199
Innabi, H., & El Sheikh, O. (2007). The change in mathematics teachers' perceptions of critical thinking after 15 years of educational reform in Jordan. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 64(1), 45-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-005-9017-x
Jacob, S. M. (2012). Mathematical achievement and critical thinking skills in asynchronous discussion forums. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 31, 800-804.
Kraisuth, D., & Panjakajornsak, V. (2017). Thai engineer ASEAN readiness: A structural equation model analysis. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 16(3), 96-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017745346
Lady, A., Utomo, B., & Chikita, L. (2018). Improving mathematical ability and student learning outcomes through realistic mathematic education (RME) approach. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(2.10), 55-57. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.10.10954
Laurens, T., Batlolona, F. A., Batlolona, J. R., & Leasa, M. (2018). How Does Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Improve Students’ Mathematics Cognitive Achievement?. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(2), 569-578. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/76959
Lisbiyaningrum, I., Wulandari, Wahyudi. (2019). Penerapan Problem Based Learning Dalam Pembelajaran Tematik Integratif Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas III Sekolah Dasar. Elementary School, 6(2). https://journal.upy.ac.id/index.php/es/article/view/276
Makonye, J. P. (2014). Teaching functions using a realistic mathematics education approach: A theoretical perspective. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(3), 653-662.
Miftah, M. (2013). Fungsi, Dan Peran Media Pembelajaran Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kemampuan Belajar Siswa. Kwangsan, 1(2).
Nahdi, D. S., & Cahyaningsih, U. (2018). Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Sd Kelas V dengan Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik Yang Berorientasi Pada Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendas, 5(1).
Nahdi, D., S. (2019). Keterampilan Matematika Di Abad 21. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendas, 5(2). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/jcp.v5i2.1386
Nahdi, D., Jatisunda, M., Cahyaningsih, U., & Suciawati, V. (2020). Pre-service Teacher's Ability In Solving Mathematics Problem Viewed From Numeracy Literacy Skills. Elementary Education Online, 19(4), 1902-1910. Retrieved from http://ilkogretim-online.org.tr/index.php/io/article/view/4094/2810
Nurhayati, D. M., & Hartono. (2017). Implementation of cooperative learning model type STAD with RME approach to understanding of mathematical concept student state junior high school in Pekanbaru. AIP Conference Proceedings 1848, 040002. doi: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4983940.
Palinussa, A. L. (2013). Students' Critical Mathematical Thinking Skills and Character: Experiments for Junior High School Students through Realistic Mathematics Education Culture-Based. Indonesian Mathematical Society Journal on Mathematics Education, 4(1), 75-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.4.1.566.75-94
Paradesa, R. (2015). Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Mahasiswa Melalui Pendekatan Konstruktivisme Pada Matakuliah Matematika Keuangan. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika RAFA, 1(2), 306-325.
Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2001). The miniature guide to critical thinking: Concepts & tools. Foundation Critical Thinking.
Purwati, R., Hobri, H., & Fatahillah, A. (2016). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Persamaan Kuadrat Pada Pembelajaran model Creative Problem Solving. KadikmA, 7(1), 84-93. Retrieved from https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/kadikma/article/view/5471
Redhana, I. (2019). Mengembangkan Keterampilan Abad Ke-21 Dalam Pembelajaran Kimia. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Kimia, 13(1). Retrieved from https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/JIPK/article/view/17824
Rochmad, R. (2012). Desain Model Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika. Kreano, Jurnal Matematika Kreatif-Inovatif, 3(1), 59-72.
Shanty, N. O. (2011). Design research on mathematics education: investigating the progress of Indonesian fifth grade students’ learning on multiplication of fractions with natural numbers. Journal on Mathematics Education (JME), 2(02), 147-162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.2.2.749.147-162
Snyder, L. G., & Snyder, M. J. (2008). Teaching Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills. The Journal of Research in Business Education, 50(2), 90–99. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ826495
Suci, D.W. Firman, Neviyarni. (2019). Peningkatan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Melalui Pendekatan Realistik di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 3(4), 2042-2049. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v3i4.229
Sulaiman, W. S. W., Rahman, W. R. A., & Dzulkifli, M. A. (2008). Relationship between Critical Thinking Dispositions, Perceptions towards Teacher, Learning Approaches and Critical Thinking Skills among University Students. The Journal of Behavioral Science, 3(1), 122-133. Retrieved from https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/IJBS/article/view/2169
Sunardi, S., Kurniati, D., Sugiarti, T., Yudianto, E., & Nurmaharani, R. (2017). Pengembangan Indikator 4c’s yang Selaras dengan Kurikulum 2013 pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika SMA/MA Kelas X Semester 1. AdMathEdu : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, Ilmu Matematika dan Matematika Terapan, 7(2), 197-210. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/admathedu.v7i2.9159
Supardi, U.S. (2012). Peran berpikir kreatif dalam proses pembelajaran matematika. Jurnal Formatif, 2 (3).
Taubah, R., Isnarto, I., & Rochmad, R. (2018). Student Critical Thinking Viewed from Mathematical Self-efficacy in Means Ends Analysis Learning with the Realistic Mathematics Education Approach. Unnes Journal of Mathematics Education Research, 7(1), 189-195. Retrieved from https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/ujmer/article/view/25562
Ulandari, L., Amry, Z., & Saragih, S. (2019). Development of Learning Materials Based on Realistic Mathematics Education Approach to Improve Students’ Mathematical Problem Solving Ability and Self-Efficacy. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(2), 375-383. https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/5721
Umam, K. (2018). Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa Melalui Pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching. JPMI (Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Indonesia), 3(2), 57-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jpmi.v3i2.807
Widana, I. W., Parwata, I. M. Y., Parmithi, N. N., Jayantika, I. G. A. T., Sukendra, K., & Sumandya, I. W. (2018). Higher order thinking skills assessment towards critical thinking on mathematics lesson. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(1), 24-32. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v2n1.74
Published
2020-12-03
How to Cite
Cahyaningsih, U., & Nahdi, D. S. (2020). PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR MATEMATIKA SD BERBASIS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION YANG BERORIENTASI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS. Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA, 6(2), 598–604. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v6i2.622
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