Trends in Research on Critical and Spatial Thinking Profiles in Mathematics in Indonesia (2015–2025)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31949/jee.v9i2.13677Abstract
Research on critical and spatial thinking in mathematics in Indonesia has experienced significant development over the past decade. Initially, most studies emphasized the characteristics and indicators of critical thinking, while research on spatial abilities was relatively limited. However, as 21st-century education increasingly demands higher-order thinking skills, including the ability to visualize, interpret, and analyze spatial relationships, interest in spatial thinking research has grown. This study aims to analyze the trends and patterns of research on the critical and spatial thinking profiles in mathematics education in Indonesia using bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer. The data were collected from the Dimensions AI database by searching the keyword “Critical and spatial thinking profile in mathematics in Indonesia.” A total of 291 documents were initially identified, and after filtering by publication year (2015–2025) and relevance, 279 were selected for analysis. The results show a consistent increase in publication and citation activity, especially from 2018 to 2024, with 24 citations recorded in 2025 alone. Network visualization reveals strong linkages between frequently used terms, indicating interconnected research themes across different studies and years. Overlay visualization highlights shifts in research focus over time, while density visualization identifies clusters with the highest publication concentration. These three visualization techniques offer comprehensive insights into the development of this research area. They assist researchers in discovering new themes, identifying gaps in the literature, and uncovering potential directions for future studies, especially in the context of incorporating critical and spatial thinking abilities into effective mathematics instruction across different levels of education.
Keywords:
research trends, critical thinking, spatial thinking, mathematics education, IndonesiaDownloads
References
A’yun, S. Q., & Fatimah, S. (2025). Analysis Of Students’ Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability In Middle School. Proceedings Stemeif, 8(1), 188–199. https://proceedings.pgsd.ump.ac.id/index.php/stemeif/article/view/53
Alslan, & Shiong, P. K. (2024). Bulletin of Pedagogical Research. Bulletin of Pedagogical Research, 1(1), 1–15.
Anwar, N., Ummanah, T. I., Sadeli, E., Yulfitri, A., Meria, L., & Sekti, B. A. (2023). Pengenalan Aplikasi Bibliometrik “Dimensions” Dalam Menentukan Analisa Kutipan Artikel Multidispilin Berdasarkan Negara. Jurnal Media Abdimas Vol, 3(2), 131.
Arvianto, I. R., Teknologi, U., & Indonesia, D. (2025). Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis pada Pengajuan Masalah Ditinjau dari Gaya Kognitif dan Gender Mathematical Creative Thinking Skills in Problem Posing Viewed from Cognitive Style and Gender. 54–65.
Ayu Anggreani, & Riduan Febriandi. (2023). Implementasi Model Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Critical Thinking Matematika Pada Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Elementaria Edukasia, 6(4), 1937–1946. https://doi.org/10.31949/jee.v6i4.7588
Bukar, U. A., Sayeed, M. S., Razak, S. F. A., Yogarayan, S., Amodu, O. A., & Mahmood, R. A. R. (2023). A method for analyzing text using VOSviewer. MethodsX, 11(May), 102339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2023.102339
Dasusmi, K. J., Destami, L., Mardiana, M., Shobah, M. D., & Muhibbatuzzaeniah, M. (2023). Studi literatur: Model problem based learning (PBL) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis. Griya Journal of Mathematics Education and Application, 3(2), 325–334. https://doi.org/10.29303/griya.v3i2.319
Fitriyani, L. F., Palenewen, E., & Satriana, M. (2025). Pengaruh Bermain Geometri Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun. 8(1). https://doi.org/10.31004/aulad.v8i1.1019
Ginting, A. A. D. B., & Syahputra, E. (2024). Pengaruh Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, Kemampuan Spasial, Kemampuan Literasi Matematis, Kemampuan Berpikir Visual, dan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Terhadap IP Semester Mahasiswa. Jurnal Fibonaci: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.24114/jfi.v5i1.56566
Gunawan, I., Tatang Herman, & Sumar Hendayana. (2023). Analisis Bibliometrik Terhadap Publikasi pada Program Pengembangan Profesi Guru dalam Pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Elementaria Edukasia, 6(2), 625–635. https://doi.org/10.31949/jee.v6i2.5375
Harahap, A., Dahlan, J. A., Purniati, T., & Indonesia, U. P. (2025). MATHEMATICAL CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN TERMS OF GENDER : A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW. 1–13.
Harris, D. (2023). Spatial reasoning in context: bridging cognitive and educational perspectives of spatial-mathematics relations. Frontiers in Education, 8(December), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1302099
Hidayatulloh, B., Haji, S., Yensy, N. A., & Apryani, D. (2024). The Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning (Vol. 1). Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-108-1
Mayasari, N., Niken Launingtia, I. G. A., Nanang, N., Thamrin, N. S., & A. Harbelubun, Y. C. D. (2024). Bibliometric Analysis of AI Technology Developments in Education: Trends, Collaborations, and Future Impact. West Science Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(05), 1032–1042. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsis.v2i05.910
Medina Herrera, L. M., Juárez Ordóñez, S., & Ruiz-Loza, S. (2024). Enhancing mathematical education with spatial visualization tools. Frontiers in Education, 9(February), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1229126
Merta, I. W. (2025). Analysis of Creative Thinking Ability and Learning Outcomes Through the Treffinger Learning Model. 20(2), 365–369.
Najma, L. A. Z., & Masduki, M. (2023). Exploration of Student Algebraic Thinking In Terms Of Implusive Reflective Cognitive Style. Journal of Medives : Journal of Mathematics Education IKIP Veteran Semarang, 7(2), 219. https://doi.org/10.31331/medivesveteran.v7i2.2580
Oueslati, K., & Ayari, S. (2024). A Bibliometric Analysis on Artificial Intelligence in Marketing: Implications for Scholars and Managers. Journal of Internet Commerce, 23(3), 233–261. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332861.2024.2350326
Panchal, D. J. J. (2023). GENDER DIFFERENCES IN MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS : A COMPARATIVE STUDY. ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 4, 4224–4233. https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v4.i2.2023.485
Purnamasari, I., Juliawan, R., & Ramdani, N. (2024). ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS ’ PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITIES BASED ON. 8(3), 542–554.
Romandoni, H. R., Maharani, S., Citra, T., & Firdaus, M. (2023). EDUCARE : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kesehatan Analisis Bibliometrik : Games Computational Thinking dalam Pembelajaran. 20–28.
Salsabila, M., Sesrita, A., & Rajagukguk, Z. F. (2024). Kecerdasan Visual-Spasial Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar: Analisis Jurnal Tahun 2020-2023. Karimah Tauhid, 3(6), 6692–6706.
Saputri, A., Meinarni, W., & Ismaimuza, D. (2024). Profil Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas VIII SMPN 7 Ogodeide Dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah SPLDVDitinjau Dari Gaya Kognitif. 9(1), 25–35.
Sari, R., & Maharani, I. (2024). Analisis Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Materi Statistika Pada Siswa SMA. OMEGA: Jurnal Keilmuan Pendidikan Matematika, 3(1), 15–19. https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=jcugPe4AAAAJ&pagesize=100&citation_for_view=jcugPe4AAAAJ:ns9cj8rnVeAC
Sidiq, M. (2019). Panduan Analisis Bibliometrik Sederhana. June. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15688.37125
Sofakhiroh, Prayoga, S. A., Puspitaningayu, T., & Sari, N. H. M. (2024). Pengaruh gaya kognitif terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Matematika. Fraktal: Jurnal Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika, 5(1), 64–72.
Suhada, H., & Yuadi, I. (2024). Publication Library and Information Science ISSN 2598-7852 Volume 8 Number 1 May 2024 DIGITAL LIBRARIES IN EDUCATION : A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON Publication Library and Information Science ISSN 2598-7852 Volume 8 Number 1 May 2024. 8(1), 1–20.
Suharjo, B. (2024). ANALISIS BIBLIOMETRIK PELUANG PENELITIAN NILAI. 5(September), 200–209.
Suminar, Meiliasari, & Nurjannah. (2024). Improving Geometry Problem Solving Abilities Through Spatial Reasoning-Based Problem Based Learning in Elementary Schools. Jurnal Elementaria Edukasia, 7(2), 2736–2749. https://doi.org/10.31949/jee.v7i2.9308
Syamsijulianto, T., Sapriya, Sa’ud, S. U., Riyana, C., Satria, T. G., & Pranata, A. (2024). Civic Cultural Literacy Research Trends In Primary Schools. Jurnal Elementaria Edukasia, 7(3), 2957–2970. https://doi.org/10.31949/jee.v7i3.9801
Tjahjono, B., Arfian, H. M., Hastuti, L., Hermansyah, Ichwani, A., Tugiman, & Marini, D. (2024). PkM : Pelatihan Penggunaan Aplikasi Open-Source Dimensions AI Untuk Eksplorasi Data Literasi Reference Manager. 8(2), 308–315.
van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
Wardani, N. K., Wiryanto, W., & Mariana, N. (2024). Tren Penelitian dalam Memahami Konsep Matematika 2015-2025: Bibliometric Review. EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 5(1), 1005–1014. https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v5i1.929
Wulandari, A. A., & Astutiningtyas, E. L. (2024). Jurnal Math Educator Nusantara ( JMEN ). Jurnal Math Educator Nusantara, 6(1), 54–64. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/53a3/ac678350d15ea7def07f876d1c09d54add6c.pdf
Zaidan, M. Z. Z., Arkan, M., Putra, M. G., & ... (2023). A Bibliometric Analysis of Insurtech Indexed by Dimensions AI Using Vosviewer. Indonesian Journal of Banking and Financial Technology (FINTECH), 1(3), 211–224. https://journal.formosapublisher.org/index.php/fintech/article/view/4654
