Evaluating Accessibility and Utilization of Tennis Facilities in Public Sports Centers: Implications for Community Engagement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31949/respecs.v7i2.14114Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the accessibility and utilization of tennis facilities in public sports centers and assess their implications for community engagement in Makassar City, Indonesia. Employing a mixed-methods design, the research combined quantitative surveys (n=200) and qualitative interviews (n=20) across four major public tennis venues: Karebosi, Panakkukang, Antang, and Sudiang. The primary variables examined were physical accessibility, facility utilization, demographic reach, and community participation indicators. Findings show that Karebosi Sports Center scored highest in accessibility (mean score = 8.5/10) and average weekly utilization (75 users/week), followed by Panakkukang (8.0; 62 users/week), while Antang and Sudiang scored significantly lower in both accessibility (6.4 and 6.2, respectively) and utilization (38 and 33 users/week). Facility condition and management support were significantly correlated (r = 0.71; p < 0.01) with higher utilization rates. Demographically, adults (ages 26–45) made up 52% of users, while youth (15–25) accounted for 38%, particularly high at Panakkukang due to structured youth programs. Elderly participation remained low across all sites (≤5%), signaling a lack of inclusive programming. Only 2 out of 4 facilities hosted community engagement activities (e.g., tournaments, clinics), and these were directly associated with higher user satisfaction and retention. The study concludes that infrastructure quality, inclusive programming, and active community outreach are critical in maximizing the social value of public tennis facilities. Policy recommendations include improved funding, participatory facility management, and integrated sport-for-all strategies to enhance community engagement and public health in urban Makassar.
Keywords:
Tennis Facilities, Accessibility, Utilization, Public Sports Centers, Community EngagementDownloads
References
Bauman, A., Reis, R. S., Sallis, J. F., Wells, J. C., Loos, R. J., & Martin, B. W. (2018). Correlates of physical activity: Why are some people physically active and others not? The Lancet, 380(9838), 258-271.
Beck, K., et al. (2020). "Sports facility management and data analytics." International Journal of Sport Management, 21(2), 132–145.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Bredin, S. S., et al. (2013). "Older adult participation in physical activity." Canadian Journal on Aging, 32(4), 533–541.
Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Cao, Y., et al. (2019). "Built environment and physical activity: A review of urban studies." Journal of Urban Health, 96(2), 250–264.
Coalter, F. (2018). Sport for Development: What Game Are We Playing? Routledge.
Côté, J., & Hancock, D. (2016). "Evidence-based policies for youth sport programs." Journal of Sport Psychology, 28(1), 1–13.
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2017). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
Doherty, A., & Cuskelly, G. (2021). Organizing and Managing Sport. Routledge.
Fahmi, F., Hasanah, U., & Saputra, Y. (2021). Community engagement in urban sports centers: Challenges and opportunities in Indonesia. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 45(4), 367-385.
Field, A. (2018). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (5th ed.). Sage.
Fitzgerald, H., et al. (2017). "Disability and inclusion in sport and physical activity." Sport in Society, 20(9), 1185–1200.
Giles-Corti, B., et al. (2016). "City planning and population health: a global challenge." The Lancet, 388(10062), 2912-2924.
Giles-Corti, B., Bull, F., Knuiman, M., McCormack, G., Van Niel, K., Timperio, A., ... & Boruff, B. (2016). The influence of urban design on neighbourhood walking following residential relocation: Longitudinal results from the RESIDE study. Social Science & Medicine, 77, 20-30.
Hasanuddin, A., Putra, H., & Amalia, R. (2023). Urban demographic shifts and sports infrastructure needs in Makassar City. Urban Studies Journal, 60(3), 456-473.
Hoye, R., et al. (2015). Sport Management: Principles and Applications. Routledge.
Johnson, R. B., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Turner, L. A. (2020). Toward a definition of mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(2), 112-133.
Kelley, G. A., & Kelley, K. S. (2017). Effects of tennis on cardiovascular health: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 47(1), 125-136.
Khorrami-Nejad, A., et al. (2021). "Accessibility to sports facilities and participation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 3925.
Makassar City Government. (2024). Makassar City Sports Infrastructure Report. Makassar: Municipal Publications.
Mayunga, M., et al. (2022). "Youth and gender participation in sports facilities." Sport Management Review, 25(3), 276–289.
McDonald, M., et al. (2020). "Smart sports facilities: Challenges and opportunities." Sport Technology, 13(3), 110–123.
Ministry of Youth and Sports, Indonesia. (2021). National Sports Policy and Development Report. Jakarta: Government Press.
Misener, K., & Doherty, A. (2012). "Connecting community sport to community building." Sport Management Review, 15(4), 453–465.
Nasution, I., Siregar, M., & Tanjung, R. (2022). Maintenance and safety in public sports facilities: An Indonesian perspective. Journal of Facility Management, 19(1), 52-69.
Putra, J., Amalia, D., & Nasir, A. (2022). Barriers to sports participation in urban Indonesia: A case study in Makassar. Asian Journal of Sports Science, 10(2), 98-110.
Rahman, S., & Nur, L. (2023). Cultural perceptions and sports participation: Tennis as an elite sport in Indonesia. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 15(2), 211-230.
Saavedra, M. (2021). "Gender and access to sports in Southeast Asia." Asian Journal of Sport and Physical Education, 9(2), 99–114.
Sallis, J.F., et al. (2015). "Role of built environments in physical activity, obesity, and cardiovascular disease." Circulation, 125(5), 729–737.
Sari, N., Widodo, T., & Santoso, E. (2020). Economic barriers to access in public sports centers: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Sport Economics, 21(6), 659-674.
Siregar, D., Putri, F., & Rizal, M. (2019). Participation trends in Indonesian urban sports facilities. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 16(5), 390-398.
Sport England. (2018). Active Lives Survey.
Syarif, H., et al. (2021). "Developing community-based sports programs for the elderly." Jurnal Keolahragaan, 9(1), 55–66.
Thibault, L., et al. (2017). "Managing sports facilities for sustainability." Sport Management Review, 20(1), 25–36.
Trenberth, L., & Hassan, D. (2020). Managing Sport Development: An International Approach. Routledge.
Van Tuyckom, C., & Scheerder, J. (2017). "Sport for all? Social stratification in sport participation." European Journal for Sport and Society, 14(4), 338–354.
Warburton, D. E., Bredin, S. S., & Shephard, R. J. (2019). The health benefits of tennis: A systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(1), 42-47.
Wijaya, R., & Putri, L. (2021). Utilization of public tennis courts in Makassar: Patterns and challenges. Sports Management Review, 24(3), 440-455.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Hikmad Hakim, Muhammad Ishak, Ahmad Rum Bismar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
.png)
1.png)
