Implementation of Global Education in the Elementary School Curriculum to Improve Students' Intercultural Competence and Global Awareness
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31949/jee.v7i4.12639Abstract
The low levels of critical thinking and academic achievement among elementary students highlight the need for student‑centered instructional innovation. The Problem‑Based Learning (PBL) model is considered a promising response because it emphasizes authentic problem solving and encourages analytical and collaborative thinking. This study analyzes the effectiveness of PBL in improving elementary students’ learning outcomes and critical thinking skills. A quantitative approach was employed using a quasi‑experimental posttest‑only control group design. The participants were 55 fifth‑grade students at SDN Tambaksawah: 30 in the experimental class taught with PBL and 25 in the control class taught with conventional methods. Data were analyzed using the Independent Samples t‑Test at a 0.05 significance level. Results show a significant difference between groups, with Sig. (2‑tailed) = 0.001 < 0.05. The experimental class achieved a mean score of 79.53, while the control class averaged 68.68; Cohen’s d was 0.96 (large effect). These findings demonstrate that PBL effectively improves learning outcomes and critical thinking skills in elementary IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) instruction.
Downloads
References
Adiwiguna, P. S., Dantes, N., & Gunamantha, I. M. (2019). Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning (Pbl) Berorientasi Stem Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Dan Literasi Sains Siswa Kelas V Sd Di Gugus I Gusti Ketut Pudja. 3(2), 94–103. http://oldpasca.undiksha.ac.id/e-journal/index.php/jurnal_pendas/article/view/2871
Arif, D. S. F., Zaenuri, & Cahyono, A. N. (2020). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Pada Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbantu Media Pembelajaran Interaktif dan Google Classroom. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pascasarjana UNNES, 3(1), 323–328.
Camacho, H., Coto, M., & Jørgensen, K. M. (2018). How Does Organisational Culture Influence the Process of Change towards PBL?. Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education, 6(2), 32–57.
Dewantari, F. E., Azmy, B., Yustitia, V., Guru, P., Dasar, S., & Kritis, B. (2022). PENGARUH MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING BERBANTUAN MEDIA. SNHRP-5, 21(April), 1244–1251.
Dirmansyah, M. R., & Febriandi, R. (2023). Meningkatkan Kemampuan Problem Solving Matematika Siswa Sd Melalui Implementasi Model Problem Based Learning. Jurnal Elementaria Edukasia, 6(4), 2135–2144. https://doi.org/10.31949/jee.v6i4.7591
Edianto, Darwis, M., & Ilhamuddin. (2022). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel (SPLDV) Ditinjau dari Perbedaan Gaya Kognitif. Infinity: Jurnal Matematika Dan Aplikasinya (IJMA), 3(1), 12–18.
Farhan, M., Satianingsih, R., & Yustitia, V. (2021). Problem Based Learning On Literacy Mathematics: Experimental Study in Elementary School. Journal of Medives : Journal of Mathematics Education IKIP Veteran Semarang, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.31331/medivesveteran.v5i1.1492
Hadiyanti, A. H. D. (2021). Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran IPA Digital Berbasis Flipbook Untuk Pembelajaran Daring di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Elementaria Edukasia, 4(2), 284–291. https://doi.org/10.31949/jee.v4i1.3344
Izzah, A., Kusmaharti, D., & Yustitia, V. (2023). PENGEMBANGAN E-MODUL MATEMATIKA BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MEMECAHKAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA MATERI KECEPATAN DAN DEBIT DI SEKOLAH DASAR. Jurnal Lebesgue : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, Matematika Dan Statistika, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.46306/lb.v4i2.382
Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan T. (2023). Rapor Pendidikan Indonesia.
Kusmaharti, D., & Yustitia, V. (2020). Efektivitas Online Learning terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika. Journal of Medives: Journal of Mathematics Education IKIP Veteran Semarang, 4(2), 311–318.
Mawarsari, N., & Wardani, K. W. (2022). Pengaruh Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning terhadap Kemampuan Numerasi pada Kurikulum Merdeka Peserta Didik Kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(12), 5461–5465. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v5i12.1177
Nursulistyo, E. D., Siswandari, S., & Jaryanto, J. (2021). Model Team-Based Learning dan Model Problem-Based Learning Secara Daring Berpengaruh terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Mimbar Ilmu, 26(1), 128. https://doi.org/10.23887/mi.v26i1.32321
OECD. (2023). PISA 2022 Results: Factsheet – INDONESIA (pp. 1–9). OECD Publishing, Paris. https://www.oecd.org/publication/pisa-2022-results/webbooks/dynamic/pisa-country-notes/c2e1ae0e/pdf/indonesia.pdf
Sari, P. M., Sulistyawati, I., & Yustitia, V. (2021). Students ’ Critical Thinking Ability on Solving 6th Grade Mathematical Problems at SD Hang Tuah 10 Juanda. Journal of Medives: Journal of Mathematics Education IKIP Veteran Semarang, 5(2), 223–233.
Taifah. (2020). Proses representasi matematika siswa smp dalam pemecahan masalah ditinjau dari gaya kognitif.
Thompson, C. C. (2019). Advancing Critical Thinking Through Learning Issues in Problem-Based Learning. Medical Science Educator, 29(1), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-018-00649-2
Utama, F., Zaenuri, Z., & Pranoto, Y. K. sugiyono. (2023). Students Numerical Literacy Ability in Problem Based Learning With Ethnomatematics Nuances. Prima: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 7(2), 98. https://doi.org/10.31000/prima.v7i2.8387
Wahyuningtyas, A. D., Kusmaharti, D., & Yustitia, V. (2023). Project Based Learning Assisted with Flashcard Media and Mathematics Problem-Solving Ability of Elementary School Students. Hipotenusa : Journal of Mathematical Society, 05(01), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.18326/hipotenusa.v5i1.8933
Wardani, I. S., & Fiorintina, E. (2023). Building Critical Thinking Skills of 21st Century Students through Problem Based Learning Model. JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia), 12(3), 461–470.
Wardani, I. S., & Yustitia, V. (2017). PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI UNTUK MELATIH KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MAHASISWA PGSD UNIPA SURABAYA. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, II(2), 170–178.
Yustitia, V., & Dian Kusmaharti. (2022). PENGARUH TEAM BASED PROJECT LEARNING TERHADAP NUME-RASI MAHASISWA CALON GURU SEKOLAH DASAR. Transformasi : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Dan Matematika, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.36526/tr.v6i1.1942
Yustitia, V., & Kusmaharti, D. (2022). PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING DIGITAL MODULE ASSISTANCE OF NUMERATION OF PROSPECTIVE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS. Elementary School: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Ke-SD-An, 9(1), 24–27. https://doi.org/10.31316/esjurnal.v9i1.2029
Yustitia, V., & Kusmaharti, D. (2024). Mathematics Critical Thinking Ability of Elementary School Students Viewed from Cognitive Style and Self-Efficacy. Journal of Medives : Journal of Mathematics Education IKIP Veteran Semarang, 8(1), 183–197.
Yustitia, V., Kusmaharti, D., & Wardhani, I. S. (2025). Students ’ critical thinking in numeracy problem- solving through moderate self-Efficacy : A mixed- methods study. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 7(8), 2025410. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2025410
