The Effectiveness of the Acute Chronic Workload Ratio Method in Monitoring the Training Load and Its Relationship with Sports Injuries: A Literature Review

Abstract

Training load monitoring is an essential aspect of modern sports to optimize performance while minimizing the risk of injury. However, there is still a lack of consensus regarding the most effective method to measure and interpret training load variations. The Acute Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR) method has emerged as a widely discussed model, yet research evaluating its true effectiveness remains limited and fragmented.  This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the ACWR method in monitoring training load and its relationship with sports injuries through a systematic literature review. A total of 205 articles published between 2020 and 2025 were initially identified from PubMed and Sage databases using specific keywords, with 7 studies ultimately meeting the inclusion criteria. These studies were analyzed using the JBI critical appraisal tool. The findings suggest a strong correlation between ACWR and injury prevention, with several studies indicating that rapid increases in training load, as reflected by high ACWR scores, significantly elevate the risk of injury. Conversely, optimal ACWR ranges can support performance improvements while minimizing harm. Although ACWR is not flawless, it is a valuable tool for intelligently managing training loads.  The implications of this study reinforce the importance of using data-driven strategies in athlete training programs. Future research is recommended to further refine ACWR thresholds across different sports and populations, and to explore its integration with other monitoring tools for more comprehensive load management