Indonesian Journal of Sport Management (IJSM) is professionally managed and published by Universitas Majalengka in helping academics, researchers and practitioners disseminate their research results. IJSM is a double blind peer-reviewe journal dedicated to the publication of quality research results in the field of sports, especially sports management, but not implicitly. IJSM publishes papers regularly 2 times a year in April and October.
The Effect of Times Game Tournement on Ball Playing Skills of Sports Students of Medan State University
Background: Learning in soccer courses for sports students at Medan State University is needed, one of which is the times games tournament (TGT) method. However, the TGT method in the scope of college students has not received special attention. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the TGT method to optimize ball playing skills (dribbling, receiving, shooting) in sports students at Medan State University. Methods: The research method was experimental with one group pretest-posttest control group; participants were 20 students who were divided into two groups of TGT and control by applying matched ordinal pairing. The instrument is the skill of playing the ball. Data collection techniques include observational and field tests. Data analysis techniques with nonparametric tests, Wilcoxon and Man-Whitney, assisted with SPSS version 25. Results: found pretest-posttest sig value of TGT and control groups (0.000<0.05). TGT and control group posttest comparison was found (0.000<0.05). Conclusion: times games tournament method is better than the control group in soccer playing skills. Implications and Recommendations: There is a need for improvement in future research with an individualized approach and a longer period of time to be more optimal.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahmuddin, Ghozi Indra Waskita, Bessy Sitorus Pane, Syahputra Manik, Argubisilwan, Dewangga Yudhistira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) Learning Model on Improving Students' Social and Cognitive Skills in Physical Education at SMK Merdeka Bandung
This study aims to analyze the effect of the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGFU) learning model on improving students' social and cognitive skills in physical education. This study uses a quasi-experimental design with control and experimental groups that were given pre-tests and post-tests. The research sample consisted of 50 students in grade XI at SMK Merdeka Bandung who were randomly selected from existing classes. The experimental group received treatment using the TGFU model, while the control group followed conventional learning. The instruments used to measure social skills were the Social Skills Inventory (SSI), and to measure cognitive skills, the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) test was used. The results of data analysis using an independent t-test showed that there were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group on both variables, namely social skills with a significance value of 0.040 and cognitive skills with a significance value of 0.000. These findings indicate that the application of the TGFU model can significantly improve students' social and cognitive skills, so that it can be implemented as an effective approach in physical education learning. Random assignment was carried out within predetermined class boundaries; however, this quasi-experimental design still provides a valid picture of the influence of the TGFU model.
Copyright (c) 2025 Farell Ferdian Pramudita , Asep Sumpena, Tri Martini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Social Media Marketing and Participation Decision in Sport Run Events: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective
The rapid growth of sport tourism, particularly in running events, has positioned social media as a primary platform for digital promotion and participant engagement. However, limited research has examined how the dimensions of social media marketing—content quality, interactivity, and influencer credibility—simultaneously influence participants’ motivation and trust within the context of sport tourism. This study aims to analyze the effects of these dimensions on participation decisions in running events, using Self-Determination Theory as the theoretical framework. The research employed a quantitative explanatory approach involving 303 active social media users who had participated in or planned to join running events such as the Jakarta Marathon, Borobudur Marathon, and Bali Marathon. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SmartPLS 4). The results indicate that content quality significantly influences motivation, while interactivity and influencer credibility have significant effects on trust. Both motivation and trust positively influence participation decisions and serve as mediating variables between social media marketing and behavioral intention. Conversely, content and interactivity do not have direct effects on participation decisions. This study emphasizes that effective digital marketing strategies in sport tourism should integrate emotional content, interactive communication, and credible influencers to strengthen participants’ intrinsic motivation and trust. Keywords: social media marketing, content, interactivity, influencer, motivation, trust, sport tourism, and participation decision
Copyright (c) 2025 Farieq Fadloli, Lilik Wahyudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Physical Fitness and Health Status of the Teacher Professional Edaucation Program (PPG) Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Background: Physical fitness and health are crucial factors contributing to teacher effectiveness. In fact, the intensity of academic activities and high course load often contribute to a decline in the physical fitness of PPG participants. Purpose: Conducting an analysis of the level of physical fitness and health status of participants in the teacher professional education program (PPG) Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Methods: The research method used is a qualitative method where the author collect data, for physical fitness used bleep test and for nutritional used interview from key subjects. The population was all PPG UNJ participants for the 2024/2025 academic year. Using a total sampling method, 100 respondents were obtained, consisting of men and women aged 23–35 years. Results: The average VO₂Max of PPG UNJ participants was approximately 38.5 ml/kg/min, which is considered moderate. Most participants had an ideal body mass index (65%). Conclusion: PPG UNJ participants had a balanced nutritional status (65%). Implications and Recommendation: a sustainable physical fitness development program is needed for PPG participants, with regular sports activities and nutrition education. The PPG UNJ participants need to gain an understanding of nutritional science material and be provided with an exercise program to stay fit and healthy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sujarwo, Oman Unju Subandi, Mustafa Masyhur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Imagery on Reducing Anxiety and Improving Concentration in Gymnastics Performance
This study aims to examine the effect of mental imagery training on anxiety reduction, concentration improvement, and performance enhancement among gymnastic athletes. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group, involving 26 active gymnasts from Bandung City, divided equally into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group underwent 16 sessions of structured mental imagery intervention, while the control group continued with routine training. Data were collected using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Grid Concentration Test (GCT), and Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS), then analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene’s test, and independent sample t-test at a 0.05 significance level. The results revealed significant differences between the experimental and control groups in all measured variables: anxiety (t = -10.676; p < 0.001), performance (t = 5.377; p < 0.001), and concentration (t = 2.513; p = 0.019). These findings indicate that mental imagery effectively decreases competitive anxiety, enhances attentional focus, and improves overall performance in gymnastic routines. The positive effects can be explained through neural and psychological mechanisms—mental imagery activates motor representations in the brain similar to real movement, reinforcing neuromuscular pathways and cognitive readiness. This process enhances motor coordination and emotional control, essential for complex sports like gymnastics that require high precision, rhythm, and composure. However, the benefits of imagery may vary depending on individual vividness, frequency, and quality of mental practice. In conclusion, mental imagery training is a scientifically supported psychological intervention that can complement physical training programs to optimize gymnastic performance. Coaches and sport psychologists are encouraged to integrate structured and guided imagery sessions into regular training to foster both physical and mental readiness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Joan Rafael Thenu, Yusuh Hidayat, Helmy Firmansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Formation of Students' Socio-Emotional Character During Traditional Sports Week in Elementary Schools
This research is motivated by the declining interest of the younger generation in traditional sports amid the digital era, which is weakening national character. In fact, traditional sports not only serve as physical activities but also embody noble cultural values that can shape students' social and emotional character. The purpose of this study is to describe how Traditional Sports Week activities can strengthen students' social and emotional character in Public Elementary Schools in Bangkunat District, Pesisir Barat Regency, Lampung. This study uses a qualitative approach, focusing on three main variables: social-emotional character, Traditional Sports Week activities, and student participation. The research subjects included students, teachers, and parents involved in the activities. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation during the implementation of Traditional Sports Week, which takes place once a week. The results of the study are expected to show that Traditional Sports Week activities can be an effective means of fostering social values such as cooperation, empathy, and sportsmanship, as well as strengthening students' emotional abilities to manage feelings, respect others, and adapt to the environment. The findings of this study are expected to make theoretical contributions to the development of local wisdom-based character education, as well as serve as a practical reference for schools in developing relevant co-curricular activities to shape students' social-emotional character in the modern era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Trio Deswa Rahman, Dinar Dinangsit, Indra Safari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Football as A Character Formation Medium 7 Habits of Great Indonesian Children in One of The Elementary Schools in Labuhan Ratu District
This study explores the role of football as a medium for character formation based on the “7 Habits of Great Indonesian Children” in one of the elementary schools in Labuhan Ratu District. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving teachers and students. The findings show that football activities effectively internalize key character values such as discipline, teamwork, responsibility, respect, and problem-solving. Through structured training and game-based learning, students naturally practice positive habits that support their personal and social development. The study concludes that football can serve as a strategic vehicle for character education when integrated with targeted value-based frameworks.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of Special Breathing Exercises on Increasing 60-Meter Running Speed for 5th Grade Students of SDN 37 Krui, Ngaras District, Pesisir Barat Regency
*]:pointer-events-auto [content-visibility:auto] supports-[content-visibility:auto]:[contain-intrinsic-size:auto_100lvh] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" dir="auto" tabindex="-1" data-turn-id="69c022ba-90a3-41cf-9382-4ecf0c315f00" data-testid="conversation-turn-2" data-scroll-anchor="true" data-turn="assistant"> This study aims to determine the effectiveness of special breathing exercises in improving the 60-meter running speed of 5th grade students at SDN 37 Krui, Ngaras District, Pesisir Barat Regency. Using a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design, a group of students received structured breathing exercises for a set period. Data were collected through 60-meter sprint tests administered before and after the intervention. The results showed a significant improvement in running speed, indicating that special breathing exercises effectively enhance short-distance sprint performance in elementary school students. This finding highlights the importance of integrating proper breathing techniques into physical education programs to support students’ physical fitness and athletic development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fajar Sukamana, Tatang Muhtar, Tedi Supriadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Developing a Rugby Book with Adapted Strategies and Training Methods Based on Local Wisdom for Elementary School Students
Sports is one of the subjects taught and is very popular among students, especially at the elementary school level. Physical education at the elementary school level plays a crucial role in shaping character, motor skills, and instilling sportsmanship values ​​from an early age. Despite the development of these sports, many types of sports are still unknown to students. One of these is rugby, resulting in a low number of rugby players, especially in Aceh. This study aims to develop a digital rugby sports book that can be applied by elementary school students in their learning. The study was conducted using the Borg and Gall development method and the Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) approach. User validation and student responses were conducted at SD Negeri 18 Banda Aceh and SD Negeri Ateuk Aceh Besar. The results showed that the book is suitable as a teaching material for rugby learning in schools. The book received an average score of 88.5% from material experts, with very valid criteria. The book received a score of 93.6% from design experts and is in the very valid criteria with minor improvements. The average score of the book's assessment by teachers as users was 93% and is in the very suitable criteria for use in sports learning in schools. Overall, students' responses to the book received an average score of 90%. This concludes that the book is suitable and appropriate for use. This research demonstrates that the rugby sports book developed is suitable for use as teaching material in elementary schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Septi Hariansyah, Irwandi, Zulheri Is, syahrianursaifi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Physical Education and Health: A Qualitative Study in Public Elementary Schools of Gantung Subdistrict
Background: implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Physical Education and Health (PJOK) remains understudied, particularly in rural contexts where teacher readiness, facilities, and pedagogical support differ from urban schools. Existing research has focused largely on administrative aspects or general teacher perceptions, leaving limited understanding of how motor learning principles, character development, and contextualized physical activities are integrated into daily classroom practice. This study addresses this gap by exploring how the Independent Curriculum is enacted in public elementary schools in Gantung Subdistrict, a rural area with diverse socio-geographical conditions Methods: ualitative descriptive design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. The study involved nine informants six PJOK teachers and three school principals focusing on curriculum interpretation, instructional strategies, assessment practices, and facility availability. Results: findings show teachers understand the aims of the Independent Curriculum but implement it only partially. Motor learning principles, such as varied practice and structured feedback, are not yet consistently applied, and character values introduced informally rather than embedded in lesson planning. Limited sports facilities and uneven instructional leadership further constrain curriculum enactment. Teachers often rely on traditional activities due to restricted resources, while principals’ support varies across schools. Conclusion study concludes that effective implementation requires strengthened teacher competence in motor learning pedagogy, improved integration of character education, enhanced basic facilities, and stronger school leadership. Theoretically, research contributes by linking motor learning and curriculum implementation in rural PJOK settings. Practically, it offers recommendations for teacher training and school-level policy improvements tailored to rural conditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Misbahudin, Soni Nopembri, Tri Ani Hastuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sport Motivation Levels of Adolescent based on Demographic Status
Participation in sports and physical activities plays a crucial role in promoting physical fitness and mental well-being among adolescents. However, motivation to engage in such activities often differs across demographic factors, particularly gender and residential background. This study aimed to analyze the differences in sport motivation levels among adolescents based on gender and residential status using the Self-Determination Theory framework. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 501 students aged 17–21 years majoring in sport and health-related fields. The Sport Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II) was utilized to assess participants’ motivation levels. The Mann–Whitney U test was applied to examine differences between male and female students, as well as between those from rural and urban areas. Findings revealed a significant difference in sport motivation between male and female students, with males showing higher motivation levels. However, no significant difference was observed between students from rural and urban areas. The results indicate that gender remains an influential factor in shaping sport motivation among adolescents. Implementing gender-responsive strategies may enhance youth participation in sports and physical activities. Future studies should further investigate social and environmental factors influencing sport motivation to design inclusive and effective interventions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wulandari Putri, Mukhlisin, Eva Sri Gumilang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Plyometric Training Single Leg Box Hop from Lunge and Low to Medium Hurdle Jump on Leg Muscle Explosive Power in Sabre Fencing Athletes
This study aims to determine the effect of plyometric training Single Leg Box Hop from Lunge and Low to Medium Hurdle Jump on leg muscle explosive power in sable fencers. Leg muscle explosive power is one of the important components in the performance of fencing athletes, especially sable fencing which requires speed, explosion, and effectiveness in attacks such as lunges and fleches. Method This study was conducted using an experimental method using a two-group pre-test-posttest design. The subjects were 8 sable fencing UKM athletes from the Indonesian University of Education (UPI). Using total sampling. The instrument used was Standing Broad Jump to measure leg muscle explosive power. The training program was carried out for 4 weeks with a frequency of 2 times a week. Data analysis used a paired sample t-test to see the increase in explosive power before and after treatment. The results showed that both Single Leg Box Hop From Lunge and Low To Medium Hurdle Jump training had a significant effect on increasing leg muscle explosive data.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marvin Tri Sakti, Ira Purnamasari, Geraldi Novian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Psychological Strategies and Leadership in Adverse Organisational Contexts: A Case Study in Semi-Professional Football
This study analyses how a semi-professional football team can maintain its performance in an unfavourable organisational context. A descriptive case study was conducted during a comprehensive restructuring process of the management and coaching staff, characterised by non-payment, high turnover of coaches and internal conflicts. The intervention focused on psychological and leadership strategies, including conflict mediation, optimisation of physical preparation, and reinforcement of group cohesion. Three key dimensions of leadership were identified: training methodology, tactical management, and human management, along with the delegation of functions to specialists within the coaching staff. The results suggest that strategic psychological intervention and distributed leadership coordination can sustain collective performance, strengthen group cohesion, and generate group resilience, even in adverse conditions. This study provides evidence on the role of the sports psychology professional as a mediator and leader in critical contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Antonio Aguilar Gomez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Consistency of Volleyball Top Serve of Sports Coaching Education Students, Faculty of Sport Science, State University of Malang in Indoor Volleyball Games
Consistency in service skills is crucial for athlete development and performance. This study evaluated the consistency of overhand serve skills in volleyball among students in the Sports Coaching Education program at the Faculty of Sport Science, State University of Malang, focusing on indoor volleyball. The descriptive method was employed to gather data using the AAHPER Youth Fitness Test. The findings indicated that most participants exhibited moderate to low proficiency in volleyball overhand serving performance, with 39.44% classified as "Fair" and 33.10% as "Poor." The average performance score was 2.45, with a standard deviation of 0.97, signifying considerable range in students' skill levels. These findings suggest that students' consistency in volleyball overhand service skills is still evolving and highlight the necessity of integrating theoretical knowledge with practical execution. A well-organized curriculum enhances training consistency, communication proficiency, and player involvement. This research significantly contributes to coaching education by highlighting the necessity of practice-based learning methodologies to enhance volleyball serve proficiency, adequately prepare future coaches, and ultimately elevate athlete performance in competitive environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Atiq Noviudin Pritama, Prisca Widyawati, Rizqie Putri Novembriani, Muhammad Isna Nurdin Wibisana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Relationship Between Self-Confidence and Concentration with the Smashing Ability of 12-17 Year Volleyball Athletes at the Pervas Club
Background: The lack of systematic exploration of the contribution of mental factors to the technical performance of young athletes, especially in the execution of smashes that require precision, power, and focus. Purpose: This study aims to determine (1) identifying the relationship between self-confidence and smash ability, (2) the relationship between concentration and smash ability, and (3) the combined relationship between self-confidence and concentration on smash ability. Methods: Describe the methods used in the study. Write down the purpose of the research conducted. Methods: Describe the methods used in the study. Results: The results of the study indicate that: (1) There is a significant relationship between self-confidence and smash ability in 12-17 year old volleyball athletes at the Pervas club, with a t-value of 2.639 > t-table 2.017, sig. 0.012 and an effective contribution of 14.14%. (2) There is a significant relationship between concentration and smash ability in 12-17 year old volleyball athletes at the Pervas club, with a t-value of 2.080 > t-table 2.017, sig. 0.044 and an effective contribution of 9.36%. (3) There is a significant relationship between self-confidence and concentration with smash ability in 12-17 year old volleyball athletes at the Pervas club, with F count 6.615 > F table (2;43) 3.21 and sig. 0.003 and an effective contribution of 23.50%. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between self-confidence and smash ability. There is a significant relationship between concentration and smash ability. There is a significant relationship between self-confidence and concentration and smash ability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Indah Zunita, Christina Fajar Sriwahyuniati, Tomoliyus, Endang Rini Sukamti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Small Sided Games Training on the Improvement of Basic Passing and Dribbling Skills in Futsal Extracurricular Students at SMPN 1 Garut
Futsal is a sport that requires players to perform technical skills such as passing and dribbling under high pressure and limited space. However, many students in school futsal extracurricular programs still struggle to perform these skills consistently due to monotonous and less contextual training methods. This condition creates a research gap in developing effective training models that integrate game-like situations to enhance students’ technical performance. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of Small Sided Games (SSG) training on improving basic passing and dribbling skills among futsal extracurricular participants at SMPN 1 Garut. The research employed an experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 24 students were purposively selected and divided into two groups: the experimental group, which received SSG training, and the control group, which followed conventional training. Data were collected using a passing accuracy test and a dribbling zig-zag test and analyzed using normality, homogeneity, and paired sample t-tests with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed a significant improvement in both passing and dribbling skills in the experimental group compared to the control group. These findings indicate that SSG effectively enhances students’ technical abilities, decision-making, and engagement in training. Theoretically, this study reinforces the relevance of contextual learning in sports education. Practically, SSG can serve as an innovative and enjoyable training model for school futsal programs. Future studies are recommended to explore variations of SSG to improve tactical and strategic aspects of futsal performance
Copyright (c) 2025 Agus Muhamad Ansori, Irwan Hermawan, Azhar Ramadhana Sonjaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Predicting Sports Performance among University Coaches in Ghana: The Roles of Technical and Personal Problems
This study examined the association of technical and personal problems with sports performance among university coaches in Ghana. Employing a cross-sectional survey design, data from 130 coaches across 26 public universities were collected using a structured and validated questionnaire. Findings reveal a significant positive correlation between technical problems and sports performance indices (r =0.208, p = 0.009), while a significant positive correlation exists between personal problems and sports performance (r = 0.274, p = 0.002). The predictor's unstandardized coefficient (B) is 0.259, indicating that for every unit increase in technical problems, the Sport Performance Indices increase by 0.259 units. The standardised coefficient (β) is 0.208, which indicates the relative importance of the predictor. This value suggests that the predictor is the dependent variable. The t-value of 2.404 indicates that the predictor is statistically significant, with a significance level of 0.018. This means that the probability of observing this relationship by chance is less than 0.018 (or 1.8%). The 95% confidence interval for the B value ranges from 0.046 to 0.472, which does not include zero. The study underscores the need to address technical and personal factors to enhance sports performance among Ghanaian university coaches. Recommendations include investing in infrastructure, providing emotional support, and implementing strategies to improve work-life balance for university sports coaches.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amuda Yusif Tahiru, Monday Omoniyi Moses https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effects of Aerobic Exercises on Cardiovascular Endurance of Female Student Athletes
This study was aimed to investigating the effects of selected Aerobic exercises on improving cardiovascular endurance female student athletes at Ansho secondary and preparatory school. To achieve the raised objective, the researcher selected 48 female athletes. They were assigned in to experimental and control group purposively. The proper experimental data was collected for three consecutive months through careful follow up of the researcher. Control group female student athletes did not participate in any aerobic exercise. The data was properly analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, mean analysis and graphical statistical approaches. In experimental group the study assessed the effects of selected aerobic exercises on cardiovascular endurance among female student athletes using the Step-Up Test and the Twelve-Minute Run (TMR). In the Step-Up Test, the participants’ mean heart rate showed a consistent decrease across testing periods, indicating improved cardiovascular efficiency. Their pre-test mean value was 148.25 ± 5.70, which decreased to 135.5 ± 8.20 during the exercise period, and further declined to 122 ± 9.36 in the post-test. Similarly, performance in the Twelve-Minute Run demonstrated progressive improvement. The athletes covered a mean distance of 2621.17 ± 116.78 m during the pre-test, which increased to 2763.38 ± 131.51 m during training and reached 2868.98 ± 126.34 m in the post-test. Overall, the results show that participation in structured aerobic exercise led to significant improvements in cardiovascular endurance among the female athletes. The t-test analysis has confirmed that there were significant mean cardiovascular endurance difference between control and experimental group female student athlete on both twelve minute run and step test. However, soon after they started their aerobic exercise the test has shown significant variation between the groups. Having deep statistical analysis, it was concluded that aerobic exercise had significant effect on cardio vascular endurance of the female student athletes in experimental group. Thus, school principals, Woreda sport and youth affairs department office and other stock holders should have to participate in motivating female students for aerobic exercise and they should also facilitate materials for schools and for the society as whole.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammed Erano Debiso, Yonas Mebrat Dagnaw, Abinet Ayalew Wolde, Eyasu Merhatsidk Gebreegziabher https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Psychological Perspective of Doping in Recreational Sports Among High School Students in Nigeria
Recreational sports are expected to be free from unhealthy competition and mainly for the purpose of fun and enjoyment. However, it has been discovered that doping practices in the form of performance enhancement drugs has gone beyond competitive sports and extended to recreational sports. The goal of this study is to gather psychological perspectives leading to doping among high school students with an insight on behavioral and motivational factors. Participants included 600 high school students from across the country. Participation was voluntary. Mixed methods of quantitative and in-depth interviews were used to collect data. descriptive statistics, correlations, regression analyses were used for inferential tests. Findings indicated that; 51% of the respondents were Male while 49% was female. The statistical significance for testing was at 0.05. the study shows that self-control and moral disengagement have significant relationships with doping in recreational sports. It was concluded that awareness of the psychological basis of doping among participants in recreational sports in high schools in Nigeria is essential in order to curb doping practices and protect the main spirit and purpose of recreational sports which is for fun and enjoyment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Olufemi Adegbola Adegbesan, Oluwatoyin Mercy Jayeoba, AbduRahman Adebayo Owoade https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Contribution of Leg Muscle Speed and Explosive Power to the Long Jump Ability of Students at SMPN 2 Galut
Background: The long jump results achieved by students at SMPN 2 Galut, Takalar Regency, are still low. This is due to the students' lack of understanding of the importance of speed and leg muscle explosive power. This study aims to determine the contribution of speed and explosive leg muscle power to long jump ability. This study uses a quantitative research method, specifically a correlational study with a population of 125 third-year students at SMPN 2 Galut in the even semester of 2023/2024. The research sample consisted of 30 people, selected using the simple random sampling technique. The research instruments for data collection were measurements of speed using a 40-meter running test, explosive leg muscle power using a standing long jump test, and measurements of long jump ability. Data analysis was performed using statistical calculations, namely correlation coefficients. The results of the data analysis showed that speed contributed to long jump ability with a coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.614 or 61.4%, and leg muscle power with a coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.390 or 39%. Long jump ability together contributed to long jump ability with a coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.624 or 62.4%. Therefore, to improve long jump ability, students need to increase speed and leg muscle explosive power training.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zulfikar, Suparman, Suastika Nurafiati, Herman, Sarifuddin Arham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Literature Review on Junior Athlete Management: Injury Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Performance Optimization
Background: Junior athlete management is essential for supporting young athletes, particularly in addressing injuries, prevention strategies, rehabilitation, and performance enhancement. Objective: This literature review aims to identify and analyze scientific findings related to injuries, prevention strategies, performance improvement, and nutrition in junior athletes. The literature search used the keyword “junior athlete management” across several scientific databases. Method: Based on Web of Science (WOS) data, 74 articles were initially identified. From these, 22 articles published in the last five years met the inclusion criteria, and 11 articles were selected for in-depth analysis due to their strong relevance to the topic. Results: The review indicates that research on junior athlete management predominantly focuses on injury incidence, treatment, and performance. Musculoskeletal injuries particularly to the ankles, knees, fingers, head, and lower extremities are the most common among young athletes. Impact-related injuries frequently occur in martial arts and boxing, while ACL injuries and ankle sprains are major concerns in high-intensity sports such as soccer. Prevention and rehabilitation strategies including the RICE method, kinesio taping, and video-based education or workshops have proven effective in improving injury management. Additionally, training programs that incorporate psychological components, effective communication, and professional coaching significantly support athlete motivation and performance. Conclusion: The integration of structured training programs, comprehensive injury prevention, and continuous management support forms the essential foundation for developing healthy, resilient, and high-performing junior athletes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Uray Nur Hidayat, Eka Supriatna, Maharani Fatima Gandasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Systematic Review of Recreational Sports Club Management: Participation, Organizational Capacity, and Safety Practices
Background: Recreational sports are a popular way to maintain physical, psychological, and social fitness. There are many sports options for people to choose from. Here's a concrete scientific overview of recreational sports, based on relevant studies, from a management perspective. Objective: To provide safety, rehabilitation and meaningfulness for sports participants in accordance with their respective goals. Method: Study This is literature review research. The data used is based on in study This Web of Science (WOS) with the keywords used is “recreational sports club management” in sports, 40 articles were found. Restrictions search for 5 years final 20 documents found , coupled with the limitation of articles because they do not discuss , recreational sports club management 20 articles were found. Then done restrictions return in theme sports science found articles as many as 20 articles . Of the 20 articles researchers examine between compatibility abstract with theme study found as many as 14 articles . From 14 articles Then reviewed And analyzed. Results: Research shows that in recreational sports management, some people participate in recreational sports for fun, motivation, to enjoy their free time, or to seek a challenge. Some sports commonly participated in as recreational sports include soccer, hockey, cycling, golf, and fishing . Conclusion: Achieving optimal sports performance requires a strong link between injury prevention, a structured training program, and good management support. Implications and Recommendations: To achieve optimal sports performance, an integration of injury prevention, a well-planned training program, and good management support is necessary
Copyright (c) 2025 Novia Rahmadani, Rubiyatno Yatno, Ghana Firsta Yosika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Systematic Review of Risk Identification and Injury Prevention Strategies in Sports Activities
Background: Risk management studies are an option to ensure planning runs according to programmatic guidelines for optimal athletic performance development. Training programs and healthy living education contribute significantly to improving athlete fitness and abilities. Facilities and infrastructure are also crucial for enhancing athlete performance. Purpose: This study aims to examine the application of risk management in sports. Achieving high performance requires systematic, measured preparation and management. Methods: This research is a literature review. The WOS database used the keyword "risk management" in sports, resulting in 338 articles. A search restricted to the last five years yielded 152 documents, Then the articles were filtered again because they were deemed not to discuss “risk management”, as many as 134 articles. Further narrowing within “the sports science theme” yielded 31 articles. 27 articles matched the abstract to the theme. Results: The research results explain and demonstrate that risk management in sports places greater emphasis on injury management and prevention. This study states that it is important for teachers, athletes, and the public to learn. Furthermore, sports performance development is related to the physical and psychological performance of athletes, the club's organizational structure, the quality of programmed training, and the support of sports facilities and technology. Conclusion: Achieving optimal sports performance requires a strong bond between injury prevention, structured training programs, and good management support. Implications and Recommendation: To achieve optimal sports performance, it is necessary to integrate injury prevention, a planned training program and good management support.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ecka Maulana Saputra Maulana, Y. Touvan Juni Samodra, Putra Sastaman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Evaluation of karate education and training center student coaching program: bibliometric analysis and Physical Condition
Background: The development of karate as both a competitive and educational sport highlights the importance of systematic athlete training programs supported by scientific evaluation. However, research in the Indonesian context, particularly at the undergraduate level, has often been limited to descriptive studies, creating a gap between academic research and the practical needs of athlete development. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the karate training program at the Student Education and Training Center (Pusat Pendidikan dan Latihan Mahasiswa, PPLM) Universitas Negeri Jakarta while simultaneously mapping the trends of undergraduate theses in the Sports Science Program between 2011 and 2022 through bibliometric analysis. Methods: A quantitative descriptive-comparative design was employed, involving 804 theses as bibliometric data and eight karate athletes as participants in physical fitness testing. Data collection included keyword extraction and network visualization using VOSviewer, as well as standardized field tests for flexibility, speed, muscular endurance, power, and aerobic capacity. Statistical analysis was performed with Friedman and Wilcoxon tests using SPSS version 25. Results: Bibliometric findings showed that “physical activity” appeared 88 times and “sports nutrition” 97 times, confirming their dominance as research themes, while performance-focused topics remained below 20 occurrences. Athlete testing revealed an increase in flexibility from 14.8 cm to 20.9 cm, muscular endurance from 43 to 51 push-ups, and power from 52.0 cm to 59.5 cm in vertical jump. Conversely, speed showed only a marginal change (2.99 to 2.92 s), and aerobic endurance remained stable (46.6 to 46.5 levels). Conclusion: These outcomes suggest that current training methods are effective in enhancing flexibility, muscular endurance, and power but less so for speed and aerobic endurance. The study contributes by integrating program evaluation with bibliometric mapping, bridging academic research and athlete training, and reinforcing the scientific foundation of sports development in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Afifah Bulandari, Johansyah Lubis, Yasep Setiakamawijaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Long-term athlete development (LTAD) strategy for optimizing movement skills and injury prevention in young athletes: literature review
Background: The development of young athletes often faces issues related to short-term achievement orientation, early specialization practices, and the limited implementation of science-based approaches. Such conditions pose risks of recurring injuries, burnout, and suboptimal development of fundamental movement skills, which are essential as the foundation for long-term achievement. Long-Term Athlete Development (LTAD) emerges as a long-term athlete development model that emphasizes the alignment of training programs with the stages of growth, development, and biological maturity of young athletes. Purpose: to comprehensively examine LTAD strategies in optimizing movement skills while preventing injuries in young athletes. Methods: The research method used is a literature review by analyzing various scientific articles, research reports, and relevant sources discussing the implementation of LTAD, particularly related to fitness components such as strength, power, speed, agility, and aerobic fitness. Results: the integration of LTAD with training models such as resistance training and plyometric training has proven effective in improving fundamental movement skills, physical capacity, and reducing injury risk in young athletes. Furthermore, previous studies also emphasize that the application of LTAD can increase motivation, long-term participation in sports, and support the achievement of sustainable performance. Conclusion: LTAD is an important strategy in developing young athletes because it can optimize physical development, movement skills, and long-term health. Implications and Recommendation: coaches, sports practitioners, and development institutions need to implement LTAD systematically, adaptively, and with an orientation toward building healthy, resilient, and sustainable athletes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Raya Puspita Wulan, Tomoliyus, Endang Rini Sukmawati, Abdul Alim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0