Kajian efisiensi penggunaan pupuk anorganik pada budidaya kacang panjang menuju pertanian berkelanjutan yang ramah lingkungan

Miftah Dieni Sukmasari; Aaz Azamudin Tifani

doi:10.31949/agrivet.v14i1.18488

Authors

Miftah Dieni Sukmasari Universitas Majalengka, Indonesia
Aaz Azamudin Tifani Universitas majalengka, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31949/agrivet.v14i1.18488

Abstract

The excessive use of inorganic fertilizers in the cultivation of long beans (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) has a negative impact on the sustainability of soil ecosystems. This study aims to examine the efficiency of the use of NPK fertilizer combined with mycorrhizal and Rhizobium biological fertilizers in long bean plants. The experiments were arranged in a Randomized Group Design (RAK) with five treatments: control without fertilizer, single NPK (100% recommended dose), NPK+Mycorrhizae+Rhizobium (100% NPK), and single Rhizobium and single Mycorrhizae, each repeated four times. The parameters observed included vegetative growth, root system, nitrogen uptake, crop components, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The results showed that single Rhizobium inoculation resulted in the highest pod weight (101.3 g/plant), the highest seed weight (70.9 g/plant), and the highest nitrogen uptake (2.05 g/plant), outperforming the full NPK treatment. The combination of NPK+Mycorrhizae+Rhizobium provides the highest NUE value and the best root system with a root length of 43.3 cm and a number of nodules of 52.2. Rhizobium inoculation has proven to have the potential to be an efficient and environmentally friendly substitution of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer in long bean cultivation.

Keywords:

Selected:biofertilizers, long beans, mycorrhiza, NPK, Rhizobium, sustainable agriculture

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Statistik Tanaman Sayuran dan Buah-buahan Semusim Indonesia 2022. Jakarta: BPS RI.

Barea, J.M., Pozo, M.J., Azcon, R., & Azcon-Aguilar, C. (2005). Microbial co-operation in the rhizosphere. Journal of Experimental Botany, 56(417), 1761-1778.

Bell, C.A., Magkourilou, E., Urwin, P.E., & Field, K.J. (2021). The influence of competing root symbionts on below-ground plant resource allocation. Ecology and Evolution, 11(6), 2990-3001. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7292

Bindraban, P.S., Dimkpa, C.O., & Pandey, R. (2020). Exploring phosphorus fertilizers and fertilization strategies for improved human and environmental health. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 56(3), 299-317.

Bhatt, K., Maheshwari, D.K., & Dheeman, S. (2021). Influence of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on crop productivity and soil health. In D.K. Maheshwari & S. Dheeman (Eds.), Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 48 (pp. 1-30). Cham: Springer.

Curl, E.A., & Truelove, B. (1986). The Rhizosphere. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Elkoca, E., Kantar, F., & Sahin, F. (2008). Influence of nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-solubilising bacteria on the nodulation, plant growth, and yield of chickpea. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31(1), 157-171.

Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C., & Jones, C.A. (2011). Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Field Crops (3rd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press.

FAO. (2021). World Food and Agriculture — Statistical Yearbook 2021. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Fitter, A.H. (1991). Costs and benefits of mycorrhizas: implications for functioning under natural conditions. Experientia, 47(4), 350-355.

Fowler, D., Steadman, C.E., Stevenson, D., Coyle, M., Rees, R.M., Skiba, U.M., Sutton, M.A., Cape, J.N., Dore, A.J., Vieno, M., Simpson, D., Zaehle, S., Stocker, B.D., Rinaldi, M., Facchini, M.C., Flechard, C.R., Nemitz, E., Twigg, M., Erisman, J.W., & Galloway, J.N. (2020). Effects of global change during the 21st century on the nitrogen cycle. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 20(16), 9349-9367.

Garcia, C., Rala, A., Raviz, J., Collivignarelli, F., Lamers, J., Gatti, L., Star, M.A., Campos-Taberner, M., Busetto, L., Boschetti, M., Manfron, G., & Crema, A. (2020). Rice yield estimation using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and the ORYZA crop growth model. Paddy and Water Environment, 17(1), 1-16.

Garg, N., & Manchanda, G. (2022). Role of arbuscular mycorrhizae in the alleviation of ionic, osmotic and oxidative stresses induced by salinity in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 195(2), 110-123.

Gianinazzi, S., Gollotte, A., Binet, M.N., van Tuinen, D., Redecker, D., & Wipf, D. (2010). Agroecology: the key role of arbuscular mycorrhizas in ecosystem services. Mycorrhiza, 20(8), 519-530.

Giller, K.E. (2001). Nitrogen Fixation in Tropical Cropping Systems (2nd ed.). Wallingford: CABI Publishing.

Hartmann, M., & Six, J. (2023). Soil structure and microbiome functions in agroecosystems. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 4(1), 4-18.

Herridge, D.F., Peoples, M.B., & Boddey, R.M. (2008). Global inputs of biological nitrogen fixation in agricultural systems. Plant and Soil, 311(1-2), 1-18.

Hungria, M., Nogueira, M.A., & Araujo, R.S. (2021). Inoculation of Bradirhizobium and Azospirillum in legume and non-legume crops: the Brazilian experience. In M. Meena (Ed.), Microbial Biotechnology in Crop Protection (pp. 45-82). Singapore: Springer.

Kementerian Pertanian RI. (2022). Pedoman Teknis Budidaya Kacang Panjang. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Hortikultura.

Marschner, P. (Ed.). (2012). Marschner's Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants (3rd ed.). London: Academic Press.

Naguib, D.M., El-Banna, A., & Khedr, A.A. (2020). Effect of nitrogen fertilization levels on nodulation and nitrogen fixation of some leguminous plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 43(20), 3042-3051.

Ortiz, N., & Armada, E. (2021). Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and/or bacteria to enhancing plant drought tolerance through improved water status and an antioxidant defense system. Agronomy, 11(9), 1752.

Peoples, M.B., Brockwell, J., Herridge, D.F., Rochester, I.J., Alves, B.J.R., Urquiaga, S., Giller, K.E., Chalk, P.M., Bhattarai, S., Myers, R.J.K., & Ladha, J.K. (2009). The contributions of nitrogen-fixing crop legumes to the productivity of agricultural systems. Symbiosis, 48(1-3), 1-17.

Poorter, H., Niklas, K.J., Reich, P.B., Oleksyn, J., Poot, P., & Mommer, L. (2012). Biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots: meta-analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control. New Phytologist, 193(1), 30-50.

Schulte, C.C.M., Borah, K., Wheatley, R.M., Terpolilli, J.J., Saalbach, G., Crang, N., de Groot, D.H., Ratcliffe, R.G., Kruger, N.J., Papachristodoulou, A., & Poole, P.S. (2021). Metabolic control of nitrogen fixation in rhizobium-legume symbioses. Science Advances, 7(31), eabh2433. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abh2433

Smith, S.E., & Read, D.J. (2008). Mycorrhizal Symbiosis (3rd ed.). Amsterdam: Academic Press.

Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., & Murphy, A. (2015). Plant Physiology and Development (6th ed.). Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.

Tian, H., Xu, R., Canadell, J.G., Thompson, R.L., Winiwarter, W., Suntharalingam, P., Davidson, E.A., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Prather, M.J., Regnier, P., Pan, N., Pan, S., Peters, G.P., Shi, H., Tubiello, F.N., Zaehle, S., Zhou, F., & Zhu, Q. (2022). A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks. Nature, 586(7828), 248-256.

Tilman, D., Cassman, K.G., Matson, P.A., Naylor, R., & Polasky, S. (2002). Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature, 418(6898), 671-677.

Vessey, J.K. (2003). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 255(2), 571-586.

Wahab, A., Muhammad, M., Munir, A., Abdi, G., Zaman, W., Ayaz, A., & Khizar, C. (2023). Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in regulating growth, enhancing productivity, and potentially influencing ecosystems under abiotic and biotic stresses. Plants, 12(17), 3102.